Cultivation Guide for Guangdong Black-Skin Wax Gourd Variety Series
Cultivation Guide for Guangdong
1, Sowing Time and Selection of Varieties
The cultivating pattern of Guangdong
2, Culture of Strong Seedling
2.1, Preparation of Nutrient Soil
For the cultivation in
Winter and Spring, it usually comes across low temperature weather, the culture
of seedling is done in nutrient bag or plate. Pay attention to the strict
disinfection when prepare the nutrient soil. The organic manure should be
finished and sieved. Mix evenly according to the ratio strictly. The ratio of
soil, manure and grain ash is 6:2:2, to prevent injuring roots.
2.2, Soaking and Sprouting
Because of the thick shell, the wax gourd
seeds absorb water slowly, pay attention to the sprouting method. The concret
method is as follow. Soak the seeds in 50-60 degree centigrade water for
10-15min, stir when soaking. When the water temperature reduces to room
temperature, continue to soak for about 10-12h, and then packed with gauze for
spinning. Put the seeds under 25-30 degree centigrade for sprouting. The seeds
begin sproutting in 48h. If the temperature is low, the sprouting speed will be
slow. There are something which should be paid special attention to. Befor the
sprouting of seeds, scrub the seeds with clear water once a day, to get rid of
the mucilage on the seed surface, so as to prevent the seeds from mildewing and
rotting. After sprouting, sow them into the seedbed or seedling pot, and pay
attention to watering until the seedlings germinate. After germination, pay
attentio to the protection against cold, control moisture properly to promote
the growth of root. In normal situation, the seedlings can be tranplanted in
25-30 days. Before transplanting, supply once rare fertilizer and water, and
spray pestcide to prevent diseases, for fear of bringing the diseases to the
field, resulting in difficult prevention and control.
2.3, Planting Density
For cultivation with
shed, the planting density is 150cm by 80cm, cultivating about 3600 plants per
acre, and 2400-3000 plants for groundling cultivation. Pay attention to shade
the melons for protection for groundling cultivation.
3, Preparation of field and Supply of Base Manure
3.1 Selection and Preparation of Field
It’s better to select the loam
soil which is not gourd-preceding, with well drainage and rich organic
fertilizer to cultivate on. The width of plot is about 1.8m, including ditch.
The direction is better by north to south.
3.2, Supply of Base Manure
The fertilizer requirement of wax
gourds is in high quantity, so the base manure should be supplies adequately.
Supply 9000-12000kg of organic manure, 300kg of peanut bran, and 300kg of
calcium phosphate, per acre.
4, Field Management
4.1, Transplanting
When the
seedlings grow out 2-3 pieces of main leaves, they can be transplanted. The
planting distance is 80cm in Spring, and 60-70cm in Autumn. Transplant one row
each plot.
4.2, Fertilization
Pay attention
to fertilize reasonably and by stages. The fertilizing rule is: lightly and
rarely in early stage, and heavily and thickly in late.
In the early
stage, manure rare dropping or 60kg of urea and 120kg of compound fertilizer
per acre for 1-2 times. When the vines grow to be 1m long, supply 120-180kg of
compound fertilizer per acre. When the vines grow to be 1.5m long, supply
120-180kg of compound fertilizer, conbined with 3000kg of farm manure and 360kg
of bean cake per acre. After the stability of fruit setting, continuely
fertilize for 3 times, once in 5-7 days, fertilize heavily. Each time supply
180kg of compound. Generally 15 days before harvest, stop fertilization.
4.3, Pruning and Pressing of Vines
Generally,
when the chief vines bear melons, the side vines should be pick off in time.
Pick off all the side vines before melon setting. Before spread onto shed,
twist the vine within planting distance, and press the vines in every 3-4
nodes, totally 3-4 times, to promote the forming of adventitious root. Lead the vines onto shed by the 16th-18th node.
The shed buidling methods includes shelfing and drum-stand. The drum-stand is
common in Guangzhou
4.4, Reserving of gourd
Generally
from the 25th-32th node, the 3th-4th female flower on chief vines is the best
choice for reserving. When comes into bad weather in fruit setting period, pollinate in the early
morning to improve the fruit setting rate, or treat by PCPA. The young
gourd which is chosen should be in columnar shape, uniformed from top to
bottom, with broad and flat shoulder and round and abtuse top, and with fuzz in
whole body, brightly. After choosing, all the other young gourd should be
picked off in time.
5, Control of Disease and Insect Pest
The main
diseases include fusarium wilt, blight and anthracnose diseases. Use 800 times
of chlorothalonil, 500-800 times of thiophanate, or 3000 times of 95% hymexazol
for control. The major insect pest is thrips, from late July to September when
the temperature is 25-30 degree celsius, the damage is the most serious.
Prevention and treatment must be promptly done by spraying 1000 times of
Bataan, 400-800 times of Dimehypo, 6000-10000 times of 20% imidacloprid EC, or
2500 ~ 3000 time of 5% efficient imidacloprid, once in every 5-7 days. The
pesticide should be used interchangeably.
6, Harvest
40-60 days after fruit setting, when the
gourd skin is brightly in dark-green color, they can be harvested. If the
harvest is too late, the nutirent of the gourd will transform, and will impact
the quality for eating. The harvest should be in timely to improve economic benefits.
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