Cultivation Guide for Cabbage
Mustard /kalian Variety Series
1, Sowing Time
Timely sow. For
cultivation in open field, sow 6 times a year. Arranging sowing time within the
best developing and benefit period, is one of the main ways to achieve high
benefits. For Spring cultivation, sow directly generally from Feb. to Apr., and
cover with tunnel after sowing, harvest from middle Apr. to Hun. For Summer
cultivation, sow directly from May to Jul., cover with shading net after
sowing, and harvest from Jul. to Sept. For Autumn cultivation, sow from Aug. to
Oct. for transplanting after culture of seeding. High quality and yield can be
achieved for best sowing period. Harvest from middle Oct. to Dec. For winter
cultivation, sow from Nov. to Jan. next year, keep warm by tunnel, and transplant
after culture of seedling, and harvest from Jan. to Apr.
2, Cultivation Seasons and Selection of Variety
For most areas, when the soil temperature is
stably above 8-12 degree celsius, the seeds con be sown. Different varieties
can be selected to be cultivated all year round when kept warm or shaded by
tunnel.
For Spring sowing, it is suggested to choose
varieties such as ZY All-Season Sweet Chinese Mustard, Chenghai Thick
All-Season Chinese Mustard, and so on.
For Summer sowing, it is suggested to choose
Zhengyuan Big-Stalk Yellow-Flower Chinese Mustard, CH Thick Chinese Mustard and
so on.
For Autumn sowing, it is suggested to choose
CH Thick Chinese Mustard, Gold Thick No. 400 Chinese Mustard, Big-Stem
Yellow-Flower Chinese Mustard, Big-Stem Mushroom Chinese Mustard and so on.
For Winter sowing, it is suggested to choose
Big-Stem Late-Flowering Chinese Mustard, Big-Stem Mushroom Chinese Mustard,
Gold Thick No. 400 Chinese Mustard and so on.
3, Cultivation Technology
3.1, Sowing Method and Quantity of Seeds
The seeds can be sown directly, but
transplanting after culture of seedling is used more commonly. For seedbed, it
is better to choose loam soild which has well capability in keeping water and
fertilizer. For early cultivation, as it is always be impacted by high
temperature and rains, pay attention to the condition of drainage. In addition,
preventing the damage by aphid is the key step to reduce virus diseases and
achieve high yield.
Generally, sow directly from Jan. to Jan. and
harvest in 40 days after sowing. From Jul. to Dec., transplant after culture of
seedling, with 15-25 days of seedling stage and about 40 days from setting to
harvest. The planting density should be arranged according to the change of
climate. Generally, when the temperature is in 10-20 degree celsius, the
planting distance is 10cm y 15cm, each plant weights about 50-100g. when the
temperature is 15-25 degree celsius, the planting distance is 15cm by 20cm, each
plant weights about 100-200g. And when the temperature is 20-32 degree celsius,
the planting distance is 20cm by 25cm, and each plant weights about 200-400g.
3.2, Preparation of Field, Supplying Base Manure and Setting
Plough deeply and sun the soil to finish the
soil. The ploughing depth is about 27cm. The Chinese Mustard requires abundant
fertilizer for growth. For base manure, supply 120kg of calcium
superphosphate, 120kg of Potassium Chloride, 6000kg of finished fowl dropping,
150kg of compound fertilizer and 300-420kg of beanbut cake per acre. Dig ditch
and make ridge, and level field. The ridge is about 1.3-1.6m wide and
0.13-0.17m high, levelled. Transplanting and setting when the seedling outgrows
5-6 pieces of leaves. The planting density is about 24000-30000 plants per
acre.
3.3, Field Management
The seeds will germinate in 2-3 days agter
sowing. Thin the seeldings in 7-8 days after germination by the distance of
10-13cm. After thinning, supply immidiately 12000-15000kg of 20% thin liquid
Dung per acre. 15-25 days after germination, transplant by the distance of
16-25cm.
After recovering from setting, top dressing
early, frequently thinly of fertilizer and water. If the leaf is brightly oii-green
color with less wax powder, it is the normal expression. If the leaf is in
mattly light-green color with more wax powder, it is the expression of lack of
fertilzer and water, the fertilizer and water should be supplied adequately in
time. For the whole growing period, the humidity of soild should be kept in
about 80%-90%, to abtain thick stem with tender leaf, improve commodity quality
and to increase yield. The differences of yield and thickness of stem are huge
according to the factors changes of planting distance, season climate,
temperature and fertility. Therefore, the cultivation should be on time and in
suitable mode according to the local situation, so as to achieve best benefit.
The top dressing should base on the different
cultivation condition and the dynamic growing features of stem and leaf. From
setting or survival from transplanting to the forming of the first blade ring when the temperature is high, top dressing for the first
time. After the forming of the first blade ring, when stem start expand and the
second and third blade rings are forming gradually, top dressing for the second
time. Top dressing for the third time before the stem begins the mass growth.
The fertilizer is mainly by organic manure, combined with inorganic nitrogen
fertilizer and phosphate and potash fertilizer as base manure. The
fertilization method is that, light in early period, heavy in middle period and
supplemental fertilizer according to seedling in late period.
4, Control of Disease and Insect Pest
The main diseases
includes virus disease, soft rot, downy mildew, black spot, etc. And the main
insect pest includes yellow striped flea beetle, moth, spodoptera litura,
aphids, vegetables borer, etc.
4.1, Virus disease
The control is mainly by
preventing aphids. Spray 800-1000 times of 90% dimethoate for control.
4.2, Rot disease
After the harvest of
main flowering stem, spray lime milk on cut(30% lime milk added in 20-30g hide glue).
4.3, Downy Mildew disease
Spray 750 times of 25%
metalaxyl WP, or 500-600 times of 69% anke mancozeb WP. Spray alternately, once
in 7-10 days, continue for 2-3 times.
4.4, Black Spot disease
At early disease stage,
spray 500-600 times of 75% chlorothalonil WP, or 1500 times of 50% iprodione
WP, once in 7-10 days, continue for 2-3 times.
4.5, Yellow striped flea beetle
Spray 1000 times of 90%
trichlorfon for control.
4.6, Diamondback moth
In the 2nd instar
larvae, spray 1000 times of bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) WP, 1500 times of
spinosad EC, or 3000 times of 1.8% abamectin EC for control. The agents above
should be used alternately.
4.7, Spodoptera
Spray 1000-1500 times of
47.5%chlorpyrifos and 4.75%cypermethrin EC for control.
5, Harvest
When the flowering bud starts expanding,
harvest in time. The harvest can be done in order by the whole field or by
class of plant size. It is suggested to harvest in order by the whole field for
early maturity variety. The shape standards of quality flowering mustard is
that: thick flowering stem, long internode, in oil-green color, fewer and thin
flowering stem leaves, beginning of flower at top.
评论