Cultivation Guide for Carrot Variety Series
Carrot belongs to the Apiaceae
family, and is Biennial plant. Carrot is rich in Vitamins, carotene, thiamine,
riboflavin, sugar, as well as calcium, phosphorus, iron and other trace
elements. The carotene will turn into Va inside human body, only to prevent
xerophthalmia, vision-failing, and night blindness diseases, but also has
effect in anti-cancer, anti-aging, reducing incidence of myocardial infarction
and stroke. It has high nutritional value and health effects.
1, Cultivation Season and Variety Selection
The seeds are sown from Mar. to
Apr. in Spring, and from middle to late Jul. in Autumn. For the selection of
variety, it is suggested to choose Fudu SK-3 Five-Inch Carrot, Osaka Seven-Inch
Carrot, Karachi Seven-Inch Carrot, and so on.
2, Selection and Preparation of Field and Supply of Base
Manure
The carrot is fond of soil or
loamy which has thick soil layer, lossen earthiness, well drainage, rich
organic matters. For some clay field, is the cultivation arrangement is
suitable, high yield can also be achieved. When cultivate in Spring, choose
high level field with well irrigation and drainage. For clay field, the
drainage condition is one of the most elements which determinate success
cultivation, especially strict for the varieties which has tender flesh and low
content of fibre. Because the dept of the fleshy root is deep, if plough too
shallow and the soil is not loosen enough, the flesh root will bent easily,
becomes small and short, even turn to kick pleat. The ploughing depth should be
about 25-30cm, then break the clod into pieces and make ridge. In cultivation,
if the nitrogen fertilizer is supplied overmuch, the overground part will grows
excessive easily, this will effects the growth of fleshy root. Therefore, it’s
better to supply more organic manure and compound fertilizer which is high in
potash. It’s better to measure the field to balance the fertilization formula
and decide the fertilization amount. Generally, supply 18000-24000kg of
finished manure and NPK compound fertilizer, along with 2kg of
Phorate-and-Phoxim to pervent and control soil insects. Broadcast the
fertilizer and then plough and rake the field, then make ridge. The ridge surface
is 1.0-1.3m wide, with 0.3-0.4m wide and about 0.2m deep ditch. The soil on
ridge suiface should be fine and flat, so as to benefit sowing and trim
germination.
3， Sowing
3.1, Disposal of Seeds
The seta on the seed surface
should be rubbed away before sowing. In Autumn, the seeds can be sown directly.
In Spring, as the ground temperature is low, the germination will be slow, it
is better to soak seeds for sprouting before sowing(no need for coating seeds).
Soak the seeds in 30-35 degree celsius of water for 3-4hs, fish out, drain and
packed with clean stupe, then sprout in 25-30 degree celsius of constant
temperature for 3-4hs. When most radicles of seeds come out of seed coat, the
seeds can be sown.
3.3, Spring Sowing
The key is the management of
temperature in seedling to make sure not to cause bolting, and the harvest
period should come before high temperature and flood season. If sow too early,
it will cause bolting easily. If too late, the harvest period will comes into
the high temperature and flood season, easily to cause teeping and rot root.
For Spring cultivation protected by high tunnel, sow from in late Jan. For
open-field cultivation, derectly sow from early Mar. when the earth temperature
stabilizes in 7-8 degree celsius, early sowing will make bolting easily, and
not later than early Apr. It’s better to choose variety which has shorter
growing period. If there is not rain after sowing, water along the ditch on
sowing day, otherwise it will effect germination rate. When watering, make the
water permeate from bottom to top, so as to keep the surface soil loosen, to
benefit germination.
For Spring cultivation, cover the
ridge with a layer of mulching film to keep warm, keep suiface soil moist, and
to pervent rains from hardening the soil and make germination difficult. 9 days
after sowing when the seedlings are going to come up of earth, remove the
mulching film. Around late May, it begins to harvest, until middle Jul.
3.4, Summer and Autumn Sowing
It is the best to sow in middle
Jul. As to well irrigation condition, the sowing can be moved up, not latter
than the end of Jul. If sow too late, the effective accumulated temperature and
sunshine duration will be not enough, the aboveground part will not grows sufficiently,
result in reduce of effective leaf area. Besides, the temperature of late
growing period will be too low, so the growth will stop, certainly to effect
the naturally effective expanding of fleshy root. The effect to yield is
larger, at the same time, the root is in light color with low quality. It can
be harvested from the middle to late Oct. until Great Snow.
3.5, Making Ridge and Sowing
The ridge cultivation will make management easier, and yield higher,
especially benefit the drainage to prevent waterlogging in Summer and Autumn,
and cut down the occurance of fork-root and spliting-root. Make ridge in
25-30cm wide and 15cm high, with 50-60cm of ridging spacing. Plant 2 rows on
each ridge. The sowing method is strip cropping and hole sowing. For strip
cropping, dig hollow ditch in 20cm of row spacing by 2-3cm deep, supply
adequate base water, sow seeds, and then cover with about 1.5cm thick fine
soil. For hole sowing, dig hole according to the distance of 20cm by 8-12cm,
and then sow seed. It costs about 1.8kg of select seeds per acre.
4, Field Management
4.1, Thinning and Establishing of Seedling
When the seedling outgrows 1-2
pieces of main leaves, carry out the first thinning, to thin out the week and
dense seedlings. The second thinning is done when the seedling outgrows 3-4
pieces of main leaves, in 5-6cm of distance. When comes to 5-6 pieces of
leaves, establish seedlings by the distance os 8-12cm.
4.2, Cultivation
Because the seedling stage lasts
for a long time, and all kinds of weeds grow fast, weedicide can be spraied
after sowing. Spray 900ml of 33% Pendimethalin EC with 75kg of water on the
ridge surface, to prevent the growth of weeds. If not use weedicide, weed
hollowly in the row space after the first thinning, to preserve soil moisture to
promote the growth of seedling. Cultivate for the second time after the
establishing of seedling, and heap soil around root to prevent the top of root
from turning green.
4.3, Timely Watering
From sowing to early seedling
stage, as the requirement of water is not much, it is not suitable to water to
much. Insist to water less and constant, to keep the alternation of wetting and
drying of soil, so as to benefit full stand and strong seedling. When comes to
the grow acme of leaf, control moisture properly and enhence cultivation, to
keep the above and under ground parts
grow evenly, and harden seedling properly to prevent excessive growth. After
seedling outgrows 7-9 pieces of leaves, when the fleshy root starts to form and
enter into expanding period step by step, it requires moisture in most
quantity, make sure that water is supplied evenly, and supplied in tiem to keep
soil moist, so as to benefit the expanding of fleshy root. 10 days before
harvest, stop watering.
4.4, Proper Top Dressing
During growing period, top
dressing for 2-3 times according to the soil fertility and supply of base
manure. The fertilizer requirement in seedling stage is not big, there is not
need for top dressing when the supply of base manure is adequate. If the top
dressing is necessary, supply finished organic manure after the second
thinning, along with irrigation, or supply 60kg of urea per acre to promote
seedling growth. In middle to late growing period when the fleshy root begins
expanding speedy, top dressing for the first time, and one more time in 15-20
days. The top dressing is mainly by finished organic manure and compound
fertilizer. For compound fertilizer, each time supply 120-150kg per acre.
Supply less nitrogen fertilizer as far as possible to reduce the content of nitrate
in carrot. The carrot is sensitive to fresh farm yard manure, if supply it or
the fertilizing quantity is too high, it will easily causes fork-root.
5, Prevention and Control of Disease and Insect Pests
Prevention first, conbining
prevention with control. It is prior to choose agricultural control, ecological
control, biological control and physical control, cooperating scientifically
with chemical control. The use of virulent, high toxic and high residue
chemical pesticide is forbidden.
5.1, Disease
The main diseases are black rot,
black spot, bacterial soft rot, virus diseases, and so on.
Mainly by clear up the cultivate
field to reduce source index in field, or avoid bringing bacterial source into
field. Drain in time to reduce humidity of field. Supply more organic
fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, to stronger the
disease-resistance. Process rotation of crops to reduce the occurrence of
disease.
For black rot and black spot
disease. Before sowing, seed dressing by 50% thirsam, 75% chlorothaloril and
50% iprodione WP in the quantity of 0.3% of seeds. In the early attacked
period, spray 600 times of 75% chlorothalonil WP, 600-650 times of 80% Vondozeb
WP, and 1500 times of 50% iprodione WP, one times in 10 days, continue for 2-3
times.
for bacterial soft rot. Rotated
with shallot or garlic. When prepare the field, supply 600-900kg of lim per
acre, and cultivate in high ridge. Drain the accumulated water after rain. In
early attacked period, spray 4000 times of 72% Agricultural streptomycin
sulfate, and 500 times of 77% kocide WP, once in ten days, continue for 2-3
times. For virus disease. Prevent and control aphid in time. In early attacked period, spray 500 times fo
20% virus-A WP for control.
5.2, Insect Pests
The main insect pests include soil
insects such as black cutworm, Mole Cricket, white grub, chafer, wire worm and
so on, and aphid. The soil insect will not only causes dead seedling and
broken-ridge, but also increase the quantity of abnormal root. Prevent and
control in time when they are found.
Use ultraviolet lamp to attract and
kill black cutworm, mole cricket and so on. Use yellow board to attract and
control aphid.
For control of black cutworm, mole
cricket, white grub, wire worm and so on, use posion bait to attract and kill.
The poison bait is made by 5kg of fried wheat bran or bean cake, added in 200g
of 90% trichlorfon, and then add in water to mix wet. Broadcast near the root
system of seedling to attract and kill larvae. For control of aphid, spray 1500
times of 10% imidacloprid, 7500 times of 2.5% Actara.
6, Harvest
The growing and developing period
of harvest and subpackage carrot is 80-120 days. When the fleshy root almost
grow up, and the outer leaf begins to yellow, it can be picked in time. 7 days
before picking, stop spraying chemical agent. When harvest, according to market
demands and the purchase standard of manufactural enterprises, single out fruits
by grade, reject bad carrots which are forked, abnormal, splited or rotten, and
single out intact ones to packed in grades according the requirements. After
harvesting, store carrots in basement which is shady, ventilated and under 18
degree celsius, to prolong the time for market.
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